![]() Despite their aggressive reputation, research has indicated that cottonmouths will seldom bite unless stepped on or picked up. This species is often confused with nonvenomous watersnakes, but watersnakes typically flee immediately if on land or in a tree, usually going underwater, whereas cottonmouths frequently stand their ground and gape to deter a predator. The cottonmouth receives its name from the whiteness of the interior of its mouth that it exposes as a defensive display. The young are large (20-33 cm) and have bright yellow tail tips. Females have litters of 1-20 live young every 2-3 years. ![]() Cottonmouths mate in the early summer at which time male-to-male combat occurs in competition for females. Cottonmouths are opportunistic feeders and are known to consume a variety of aquatic and terrestrial prey, including amphibians, lizards, snakes (including smaller cottonmouths), small turtles, baby alligators, mammals, birds, and especially fish. They employ both ambush and active foraging strategies. Cottonmouths bask on logs, rocks, or branches at the water's edge but seldom climb high in trees (unlike many of the nonvenomous watersnakes which commonly bask on branches several feet above the water). Throughout much of their range, they can be found year-round, even in sunny days in the winter. Habits: Cottonmouths can be found during the day or night, but forage primarily after dark during the hotter parts of the season. Cottonmouths often congregate around drying pools in wetlands to feed on trapped fish and amphibians. Cottonmouths will venture overland and are sometimes found far from permanent water. They can be found in nearly all freshwater habitats but are most common in cypress swamps, river floodplains, and heavily-vegetated wetlands. In our region cottonmouths are generally restricted to the Coastal Plain but are found in a few Piedmont locations west of Atlanta, Georgia. Range and Habitat: Cottonmouths range throughout the Southeast, north to southeastern Virginia. Male cottonmouths are larger than females. As pit-vipers they have facial pits that sense heat and are used to detect prey and predators. The belly typically has dark and brownish-yellow blotches with the underside of the tail being black. Older adults are often dark and solid-colored whereas the juveniles are brightly patterned with a sulphur yellow tail tip that they wiggle to attract prey. Their coloration is highly variable: they can be beautifully marked with dark crossbands on a brown and yellow ground color or completely brown or black. They are large – typically 24 - 48 in (61 - 122 cm), occassionally larger, keeled-scaled, heavy-bodied snakes. Willson unless otherwise notedĭescription: Cottonmouths are venomous semi-aquatic snakes often referred to as “water moccasins.” They have large, triangular heads with a dark line through the eye, elliptical pupils, and large jowls due to the venom glands. Cottonmouth / Water Moccasin ( Agkistrodon piscivorus) - Venomous
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